SIDHAT INDONESIA - Indonesian Eel - 印度尼西亞鳗鲡

European eel, Anguilla anguilla Linnaeus, 1758 歐洲鰻鱺; 欧洲鳗 Indonesian shortfin eel, Anguilla bicolor bicolor McClelland, 1844 雙色鰻鱺 Celebes longfin eel, Anguilla celebesensis Kaup, 1856 蘇拉威西鰻鱺 Indonesian longfinned eel, Anguilla malgumora Kaup, 1856 印尼鰻鱺 Giant mottled eel, Anguilla marmorata Quoy and Gaimard, 1824 鱸鰻; 花鰻鱺; 鲈鳗; 菲律宾鳗

Di wilayah Pasifik Barat (sekitar perairan Indonesia) dikenal ada tujuh spesies ikan sidat yaitu : Anguilla celebesensis 蘇拉威西鰻鱺, endemik di perairan sekitar pulau Kalimantan dan Sulawesi Anguilla borneensis, endemik di perairan sekitar pulau Kalimantan dan Sulawesi Anguilla interioris 內唇鰻鱺, berada di perairan sebelah utara Pulau Papua Anguilla obscura 灰鰻鱺, berada di perairan sebelah utara Pulau Papua Anguilla bicolor pacifica 太平洋雙色鰻鱺; 二色鰻; 印尼鳗, dijumpai di perairan Indonesia bagian utara (Samudra Pasifik) Anguilla bicolor bicolor 雙色鰻鱺, berada di sekitar Samudra Hindia (di sebelah barat Pulau Sumatra dan selatan Pulau Jawa) Anguilla marmorata 鱸鰻; 花鰻鱺; 鲈鳗; 菲律宾鳗, merupakan jenis sidat kosmopolitan yang memiliki sebaran sangat luas di seluruh perairan tropis. (Sarwono, 2000) http://www.scribd.com/doc/13993828/Misteri-Sidat

Indonesian shortfin eel, Anguilla bicolor bicolor McClelland, 1844 雙色鰻鱺  The Indonesian shortfin eel, Anguilla bicolor bicolor, is a subspecies of eel in the genus Anguilla of the family Anguillidae. It is found throughout the tropical coastal regions of the Indian ocean and western Pacific. Showing the typical habits, diet and characteristics of the genus, this species grows to 1.2 m and can live for up to 20 years. Dorsal fin soft rays number 240–250, anal fin soft rays 200-220, Vertebrae between 105 and 109 in number. This fish is lighter underneath, being olive/blue-brown on top. It is easily confused with the Pacific shortfin eel, Anguilla obscura. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_shortfin_eel

Indonesian shortfin eel, Anguilla bicolor bicolor McClelland, 1844 雙色鰻鱺   This marine aquarium fish is known as Indonesian Shortfin Eel and the correct latin name is Anguilla bicolor bicolor. The family that this fish belongs to is called the Freshwater Eel family. It's origin is Indo-Pacific.  Character and suggestions regarding care They are peaceful, however common aquariums are not suitable for this species due to their size in the adult age. Indonesian Shortfin Eel can grow up to 120 cm what is approximately 47 inches. In general, 1 specimen requires at least 14400cm2 of water surface which is approximately 2232 square inch. This species will require to be kept in a tank that is very large.  Medium aquariums have at least 113 Litres (30 US Gallons). Large aquariums have at least 265 Litres (70 US Gallons). Capacity of very large aquariums is at least 700 Litres (185 US Gallons). It is not very difficult to keep the Indonesian Shortfin Eel fish.  The specific gravity (SG) should be between 1,020 and 1,025, the temperature between 23°C (73.4°F) and 26°C (78.8°F). The suggested level of pH (a measure of the acidity/basicity) is between 8.0 and 8.3 which is usual for most marine fish. This species lives in saltwater, freshwater and brackish waters. http://saltwater.aqua-fish.net/?indonesian-shortfin-eel

Indonesian shortfin eel, Anguilla bicolor bicolor McClelland, 1844 雙色鰻鱺     GLASS EEL (benih)

Celebes longfin eel, Anguilla celebesensis Kaup, 1856 蘇拉威西鰻鱺

Indonesian longfinned eel, Anguilla malgumora Kaup, 1856 印尼鰻鱺 Indonesie (holotype of Anguilla malgumora )

Indonesian longfinned eel, Anguilla malgumora Kaup, 1856 印尼鰻鱺

Giant mottled eel, Anguilla marmorata Quoy and Gaimard, 1824 鱸鰻; 花鰻鱺; 鲈鳗; 菲律宾鳗

Giant mottled eel, Anguilla marmorata Quoy and Gaimard, 1824 鱸鰻; 花鰻鱺; 鲈鳗; 菲律宾鳗 鱸鰻，俗名花鰻、烏耳鰻為輻鰭魚綱鰻鱺目鰻鱺亞目鰻鱺科的其中一種。 目录 1 分布 2 特徵 3 生態 4 經濟利用 5 參考資料  分布 本魚分布於印度太平洋區，包括東非、馬達加斯加、台灣、中國、法屬波里尼西亞、菲律賓、日本南部、印尼、澳洲北部、索羅門群島、帛琉、密克羅尼西亞等河川溪流皆有其蹤跡。  特徵 本魚體延長呈圓柱形，但肛門後的尾部則稍側扁。鱗片細小，體灰黑或黃褐但具有斑紋，腹部為銀白色；背鰭和臀鰭都是低平而一直延伸到尾部，和尾鰭連結成一體而不易區分彼此。體長可達160公分。  生態 本魚棲息在砂泥底部的肉食性魚類，鱸鰻的成長過程和日本鰻鱺相似，其幼魚在河川中成長，成魚在春末夏初降海產卵，孵化後的仔魚經柳葉形期的變化成透明的鰻線，需耗時五個月，才再回到河裡生存。白天全身隱藏在泥地中，只有露出一個頭部呼吸，到了夜晚即游出覓食，以其它魚類、蝦、蟹為食。  經濟利用 本魚在台灣已列為保育類動物，目前市場上多是從外國進口，主要用在中藥的燉補上。  參考資料 台灣魚類資料庫 FishBase 觀賞魚圖鑑. 貓頭鷹出版社. 1996年6月. http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B1%B8%E9%B0%BB

Giant mottled eel, Anguilla marmorata Quoy and Gaimard, 1824 鱸鰻; 花鰻鱺; 鲈鳗; 菲律宾鳗 The marbled eel, also known as the giant mottled eel, Anguilla marmorata, is a species of tropical anguillid eel that is found in the Indo-Pacific and adjacent freshwater habitats. Contents 1 Distribution 2 Physical description 3 Ecology and behaviour 4 Usage 5 References  Distribution This anguillid species can be found from East Africa to French Polynesia and north to southern Japan. In Africa, it may be found within Mozambique and the lower Zambezi River.[1] The marbled eel has the widest distribution of all the other Anguilla eels, and it consists of several different spawning populations throughout its range. It is usually found in tropical climates between 24°N to 33°S, but is found as far north as southern Japan.[1] It has also been found in other more distant regions such as the Galapagos possibly due to abnormal larval transport associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation events. It is not on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, but in some areas, such as Taiwan, it is endangered, due to overfishing for medicinal purposes.  Physical description Unlike some other species of Anguilla, the marbled eel has a mottled color. The adult eels are yellow with a greenish-brown to black marbling on their back and a white belly. The young elvers have less visible marbling and are grayish to yellow. The marbled eel is a longfin eel because its dorsal fin origin is closer to the gill opening than to the anus. Like all anguillid eels, it does not have pelvic fins. The adult eels have small, oval-shaped, embedded scales. The head is rounded and the snout is depressed. These eels have thick lips, a protruding lower jaw, and the mouth ends under its eye. Its teeth are small and in bands. It has a total of 100 to 110 vertebrae. It can grow up to 2 meters (6.6 ft) for females and 1.5 meters (4.9 ft) for males and can weigh up to 20.5 kilograms (45 lb), which is larger than most other species of anguillid eels. The marbled eel can also live up to about 40 years.  Ecology and behaviour The adults of this species live on the bottom in fresh to brackish waters, in rivers, lakes, and tributaries. This species and all anguillid eels are catadromous, migrating long distances out into the open ocean to spawning over deep water. A spawning area of this species is known to be to the west of Guam in the western North Pacific, but other spawning areas are thought to exist in the western South Pacific and Indian oceans. When the eggs hatch, the leptocephali drift in ocean currents for months until they reach estuaries as glass eels where they migrate upstream into freshwater as elvers. Then, after about 8 to 40 years, the yellow eels grow up into silver eels (mature eels), and they return back to the ocean for reproduction. The marbled eel is carnivorous, but harmless, with a wide ranging diet, eating shrimp, crabs, bony fish, and frogs. It is nocturnal, so it feeds at night.  Usage Like other anguillid eels, this species is used as a source of food in some regions. Some restaurants buy live eels. In 1992 for example, a typical 12 kilogram (26.5 lb) marbled eel retailed for one thousand US dollars in China. An eel habitat, Cheonjiyeon Waterfalls' pond, is a natural monument in South Korea. Large individuals of this species are also highly regarded and are not harmed by native people in some island groups of the western Pacific.  References ^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Anguilla marmorata" in FishBase. February 2006 version. ^ USGS. Species Fact Sheet "Anguilla marmorata". Retrieved 2006-11-21. Taxonomy of the Marbled Eel Marbled Eel Information http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbled_eel